Types of Lifestyles Adopted by Families in the United States Essay Example for Free

Sorts of Lifestyles Adopted by Families in the United States Essay In the United States the most well-known kind of family structure received is the Nuclear family which comprises of a dad, mother and children. It is organized around the idea of a solitary nuclear family dependent on the idea that it can autonomously bolster itself. The quantity of kids isn't fixed yet when the family can't take into account the necessities of its individuals and more individuals are engaged with dealing with a home’s funds it turns into a more distant family. However, the more distant family structure was never that common in the United States at any period in time. As of late a slow move has been seen in the family structures and the ways of life rehearsed in them. The structure has changed because of various factors, for example, the acknowledgment of single child rearing by the general public, progressively open way to deal with selections and government consent of gay people to wed and start families. Likewise the quantity of children assume an essential job in deciding the family structure as there are numerous families which simply have a couple who have no craving for having children (AEM, 2005). A rising pattern is the Single parent family, with one parent, either the mother or the dad, assuming full liability of the children and not requiring the assistance of the other parent. This sort of family is increasing because of the expanding divorce rates and expanding open doors for both genders to enjoy exercises which didn't fall under the obligations of the sexual orientation job. For example, fathers getting increasingly delicate to their children’s needs and issues and moms attempting to bring cash home to help the family. Grandparents are additionally getting progressively associated with the raising of the grandkids instead of the guardians. Numerous individuals respect this marvel in a negative light as guardians evade their obligations leaving the consideration of their own youngsters to their folks and not giving a sustaining domain themselves. With late alterations in lawful rights, gay people have been given the option to wed in numerous states and furthermore the option to embrace youngsters. The privilege of gay people to receive youngsters is broadly bantered as being improper and defiling the kids making them transform into gay people themselves however there is no such proof of such guardians affecting their children to pick their sexual direction. As is apparent the focal concentration towards the structure of a family in the United States is towards the level of care towards the offspring of the family unit. Be that as it may, lately we have watched a sharp decrease in the birth paces of children and populace development is deteriorating as the craving for kids is stemming in couples (Americas Families-Changing Family Structures). Individual View As I would like to think the family unit is as yet the most suitable alternative for having the best family environment as all the characteristic constituents are there to help each other in an important relationship. However in any case, the second best option in contrast to an atomic family would presumably be an all-encompassing family unit structure. It is broadly well known in numerous nations, for example, China, India and other Asian nations. the explanation I accept that the more distant family framework is appropriate for families is on the grounds that it spares assets with guardians getting time to seek after their own exercises as family members could deal with kids without prior warning great as children having the organization that they require consistently. References AEM. (2005, December 12). A Look at the Different Types of Families in America. Recovered December 30, 2008, from Associated Content: http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/13363/a_look_at_the_different_types_of_families.html Americas Families-Changing Family Structures. (n.d.). Recovered December 31, 2008, from Americas Families: http://www.libraryindex.com/pages/1315/America-s-Families-CHANGING-FAMILY-STRUCTURE.html

Free Essays - A Lesson Before Dying :: Lesson Before Dying Essays

Ganes, Earnest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York: Vintage Books  1993. Class: Novel 256 pages Setting: The story is set in a little Cajun Louisiana town in the 1940’s. The setting in this story is huge in light of the fact that, the entire story is about how a youthful dark kid is dealt with unjustifiably and condemned to death as a result of something he didn't do. It likewise manages the feelings that this dark kid faces since he has been dealt with unreasonably by the white individuals. Significant Characters: Jefferson, dark kid who is blamed for a wrongdoing and condemned to death; Grant Wiggons, instructor sent to support Jefferson. After he proceeded to get an advanced education, Grant Wiggins returns to live with his grandma. Being that he is an exceptionally taught individual, Grant was chosen by his grandma to attempt to get Jefferson to understand that he was a man and not a creature like the white individuals had persuaded. All through the whole novel, Grant is doing combating this thought in his mind since he doesn’t feel that even he recognizes what it is to take care of business. He doesn’t accept that he is the ideal individual to converse with Jefferson. Be that as it may, before the finish of the novel, he makes sense of what it is to take care of business. Minor Characters: Miss Emma is Jefferson’s grandma. She is the person who had the entire thought of Grant going up to the prison and conversing with Jefferson, giving him that he is a man. Tante Lou is Grant’s auntie. She is the individual who raised Grant to be the acceptable, kind individual that he is. She is additionally the person who convinced Grant to converse with Jefferson. Vivian is Grant’s sweetheart; she is Grant’s consolation. Whatever issues he has, he generally converses with her about them and she causes him to feel better, and encourages him through them. Synopsis: This story is about prejudice in the south and how it influences the individuals it concerns. It begins with Jefferson being condemned to death for a wrongdoing that he didn't submit. He was in an unlucky spot, and on the grounds that he was dark, they expected he did it. Award Wiggins is advised to go up to the prison and persuade Jefferson that he is a man. From the start he doesn’t realize how to make Jefferson see that he is a man, yet through visiting Jefferson, conversing with Vivian and seeing things around the network, he can arrive at Jefferson, persuade him that he was a man.

Genophobia or the Fear of Sexual Intercourse

Genophobia or the Fear of Sexual Intercourse Phobias Types Print Genophobia or the Fear of Sexual Intercourse How fear can develop after severe trauma By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 26, 2019 GlobalStock/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Treatment Coping View All Back To Top Genophobia, also known as coitophobia, is the fear of sexual intercourse. People with this fear may be afraid of all sex acts, or only of intercourse itself. The term genophobia is sometimes used interchangeably with erotophobia  or the fear of sex, but the two conditions are actually different. Genophobia specifically describes the fear of the sex act, while erotophobia more generally defines any fear that is related to sexuality.? Causes Like all phobias, genophobia is most likely to develop after severe trauma. Rape and molestation are the most common triggers for genophobia, but cultural upbringing and religious teachings may also increase the risk for this fear. Genophobia is sometimes linked to insecurities or body image issues, as well as medical concerns. Additionally, genophobia sometimes occurs independently of any identifiable causes. Rape Trauma Syndrome Rape is a fundamental violation of the victims body and mind. In the aftermath of rape, virtually all survivors undergo an intense psychological reaction. Although not everyone reacts in the same way, most people follow a loosely organized three-stage path. One way of conceptualizing the journey, from acute trauma through reorganization and finally resolution, is known as rape trauma syndrome. Similar to post-traumatic stress disorder, rape trauma syndrome dramatically elevates the risks of developing related mental health conditions. Phobias most often occur during the reorganization phase, as survivors try to rebuild their lives, although they could develop at any time. The path through rape trauma syndrome is intensely personal and may take anywhere from months to years to fully resolve. Cultural and Religious Fears If you are a member of a religious or cultural group that frowns on sexual intercourse, the fact that you follow those teachings does not indicate a phobia. However, phobias can develop when people transition from one set of beliefs and practices to another. Lingering guilt, self-doubt, or fear of breaking the old ways may heighten the risk for phobias. Performance Anxiety Many people, particularly those who are less sexually experienced, fear that they will be unable to please a partner. Although these fears are generally mild and self-limiting, they can also be more severe. In some cases, performance anxiety can develop into genophobia. Fear of Disease Sexual intercourse carries the risk of numerous diseases, including HIV. Most people are able to successfully balance this risk, using such precautions as condoms, monogamy, and STD testing to bring the risk down to a personally acceptable level. If you suffer from nosophobia, hypochondriasis, cyberchondria, mysophobia, or another related disorder, you may be unable to logically weigh the risks and rewards. You may feel that sex is dangerous and never worth taking even a small chance of infection. Additionally, some people are afraid that sex will be painful. Medical Concerns Fears that arise from legitimate medical concerns are never considered phobias, as long as the level of fear is proportionate to the situation. Numerous medical conditions, from erectile dysfunction to some heart disorders, make sexual activity difficult, impossible, or even potentially dangerous. Caution and even fear may be prudent in these situations. Nonetheless, some people develop fears that are far out of proportion to the level of risk. For example, if your doctor has cleared you to return to normal activities following a heart attack, it is normal to feel some trepidation before your first post-attack sexual experience. Deciding to forego sexual activity altogether would be a disproportionate reaction in that situation. Always follow your doctors advice when coping with any medical condition, and seek assistance for any fear that seems unusually severe or long-lasting. Treatment Genophobia is often treated by sex therapists, who are mental health professionals with advanced training and certification in sexual matters. However, most cases of genophobia can also be treated by traditional therapists without additional certification. Furthermore, those who experience pain or other medical difficulties during intercourse should seek advice from a medical doctor. Battling genophobia is never easy. Many people feel shame or embarrassment  and are reluctant to share such a deeply personal phobia. Yet treatment is generally successful, and the rewards are well worth the difficult and often emotionally painful process. Coping Sex is an important aspect of the human condition, and genophobia can have devastating impacts on those who experience it. Some people choose to live asexual lives, finding meaning and fulfillment outside of sexual experience. However, those who choose asexuality out of fear, rather than clear-headed choice, often find themselves feeling unfulfilled and lonely. Genophobia can also wreak havoc on romantic relationships, particularly if your partners level of interest in sex differs from your own. If you feel youre suffering from genophobia, it can be helpful to speak with a trusted therapist.

Racial Profiling and Police Use of Force - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1959 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Racial Profiling Essay Did you like this example? Racial profiling is a prevalent topic that tugs at the heartstrings of people all across America. Racial profiling affects so many people because government officials such as law enforcement and U.S. courts are believed to use this technique. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Racial Profiling and Police Use of Force" essay for you Create order Government officials and law enforcement have practiced racial profiling, but the government must understand how to treat everyone equally despite commonly using this technique. Documents have shown African Americans are arrested and incarcerated at a higher rate than any other racial group. Studies show that In 2014, African Americans created 2.3 million, or 34%, of the total 6.8 million correctional population. This is the equivalent of 1 out of 3 African Americans have been in jail or probation. (last name). This problem will not solve itself and American citizens must use their right to protest to take a stand against this discrimination and inequality displayed by law enforcement. Racial profiling has been practiced by law enforcement for a long time and people of color, whether black or Mexican, always tend to fall victim to this. In most cases, white people are committing more crimes than African Americans, but the difference is that African Americans are punished way more severely than white people are. This is also the case because African Americans tend to be pulled over more often than white people do. The fact that African Americans were being incarcerated at such a high rate began to raise questions for many African Americans; one of whom was Kenneth Meeks. Meeks is the author of a book called Driving while Black. One question that she tackled in her book was, Do African Americans actually commit more crimes than other races? or is there racism and injustice amongst law enforcement in the U.S. justice system? She began her answer by discussing the United States v. Martinez-Fuerte case of 2011. This case began with a Hispanic man who was driving near th e border of California and Mexico when he was stopped by the American Border Patrol. Simply based on his ethnicity, the police proceeded to ask him several questions and search his car. This man, was not an illegal immigrant so he felt like his Fourth Amendment right was being stripped from him because he was clearly stopped and interrogated because of his Mexican ancestry. The court ruled that the border patrol appropriately stopped him and that the fourth amendment was not violated during this search. They also said that the border patrol was simply doing its job in keeping undocumented immigrants out of the country and border patrol can lawfully search anyone that they suspect is crossing illegally. There is a vast disparity amongst African Americans and white people that are incarcerated. There are typically tens of thousands more African Americans in jail than white people and this can be backed up by data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), at the end of 2016, federal and state prisons locked up about 486,900 inmates who were black and 439,800 who were white. The difference is almost 47,100, but the same survey shows at the end of 2009, there were 584,800 blacks and 490,000 whites with a difference of almost 94,800. The difference between 2009 and 2016 saw a 17% decrease in the number of black inmates during that span, which was greater than the 10% decrease in the number of white inmates. These statistics show that African Americans are evidently being incarcerated at a much higher rate than white people, but it seems like progress is being made as there was a larger decrease of African Americans in jail vs the decrease of white people in jail from 2009 to 2016 African Americans and police often have very different views regarding racial profiling. These notions that racial profiling occurs is a view that African Americans are all too aware of. After the incidents in Ferguson and Baltimore, where African Americans were unjustifiably killed by law enforcement, the issue of racial bias was evident to America and everyone saw how much of a different race can play in the way law enforcement assesses a situation. According to the New York Times, among US states, California has the highest racial profiling rate when it comes to police officers pulling over African Americans for traffic violations. If the law enforcement knows the driver is African American they become very cautious and proceed very carefully. If they have the slightest amount of suspicion or doubt, they call for backup immediately. Law enforcement tends to take discrimination even further by unrightfully searching the driver and their car because they have reasonable suspicion b ased on the color of the drivers skin. However, determining whether or not something is racial profiling is extremely difficult to gauge because there is sometimes increased crime rates in African American neighborhoods which makes it hard to determine whether there was racial profiling or the police simply know theyre in an area with a high crime rate and are on edge. Even if an African American is completely innocent, law enforcement still proceeds very cautiously as they dont trust an innocent African American as they would, say a white person. However, African Americans tend to dictate how police are seen in the media because African Americans are usually being pulled over by them. These complaints are often the cause of police being blamed for racial profiling. Although most of the time, African Americans are pulled over for minor issues with their car and if they do not cooperate with the police, physical force will be typically be used against the individual and its likely that they can be shot and killed without further question. In August 2017, officers pulled over Mr. Walter Scott for a broken headlight. He was unharmed and after searching his car, the officer could not find anything, but once the officer tried to detain him for having no driving license, Walter began running and the officer opted to shoot Mr. Scott in the back 9 times. In a video from a New York Times reporter, it showed that both officers and the Scott are standing and talking, but once Scott started running the officer didnt even attempt to pursue and chose to simply shoot him despite being no threat. By the time the paramedics arrived, Mr.Scott had died; with his face on the ground and handcuffs on his hands as if he were a criminal or as if he were someone who was justifiably shot. Yet at the end of the day, justice was served and the officer was charged with first-degree murder. However, it was too late because Mr. Scott was already dead. He was a hard-working middle-class citizen but because of the racial bias that police have for African Americans, he suffered a repugnant death at the hands of people who are supposed to protect and serve the community. Police officers have this tendency that African Americans are criminals who have no rights and that theyre less worthy than other races and that is essentially what racial profiling boils down to and the fact that African Americans are deemed less worthy to live than other races is completely unacceptable. African Americans have had to come to terms with this racial profiling and they realize that they will continue to be victims of racial bias for years to come. Drummond and Tammerlin, the lead researcher and director of the Institute on Race and Justice, did research on how to survive in todays society growing up as a colored person, or in general as an African American. They soon found out that this is a very difficult matter that plagues all African American communities. This affects them not only when growing up but also how conscious they have to be while theyre driving. For most parents, theyre happy to see their child grow up and get their driving license because they see their child has grown up and within a few years their child could be completely independent. However, for African Americans, this is not the case. Amongst African American kids, their parents dont want them to by themselves when it comes to driving or being independent. African American parents are very much a ware of police and racial profiling so they are very hesitant when it comes to letting their children go out on their own because they dont want them to fall victim to a racial bias incident with the police. In many racial profiling incidents, law enforcement act with no regard to the law despite their job being to uphold the law. An example of this was seen on August 15, 2017, when a Michigan state trooper was in pursuit of 15-year-old Damon Grimes. Grimes heartbreaking death begins with him riding his ATV and an officer in pursuit. When Grimes doesnt pull over, the officer shoots him with a taser from behind which is an utter violation of the law. A second later, Grimes crashes into a parking truck and his ATV flips over. For the first couple of minutes, there was a chance that he might survive but the officers could do nothing but watch him helplessly as his condition drastically became worse and seconds later, Grimes passed away. When the other officers arrived on the scene, they looked at Grimes body and they immediately turned off their body cam. Most officers just walked away because they were unable to look Grimes face and in how bad of condition it was. When one officer unaware of everything arrived at the scene, another officer approached him and shut off his camera. This wasnt because his body was in bad condition or it because it was too graphic for other people to watch, it was because the officers knew that they did something wrong and they didnt want the public to see the video because they knew this would warrant a national outcry. Grimes was unarmed and he had no weapon yet he was shot from behind while he was driving his ATV which is a total violation of the law as police are not allowed to shoot or taser someone while their vehicle is on move, but this is just another example of how police officers act above the law. Police prejudice and racial profiling are the only things responsible for many dishonest arrests and the unjustifiable deaths of African Americans. There is something that has to be done because whether we agree or not, there is racial profiling in America, and many of us refuse to speak against it unless we know somebody close to us who is affected by it. We cant let this happen because its happening to people all across the US and its difficult and unfortunate to watch a certain group of people in our country being treated like criminals or drug dealers just because of their skin color. The worst part is our justice system simply supports the police officers through all of this as if the officers are honestly doing their job without any bias. At this point, almost everyone in the US has heard of racial profiling and has seen police discrimination wreck havoc on African American communities. African Americans have suffered all throughout Americas history and one would hope that America would want to make amends for this, yet almost 250 years later they still remain one of Americas most oppressed racial groups. This can be accredited to the fact that police officers tend to act above the law and as if the law doesnt apply to them. We can also hold the justice system accountable for turning a blind eye to this unreasonable treatment of one of Americas largest racial groups by the law enforcement who use invalid methods of discrimination to convict African Americans of crimes due not to the fact that they are criminals, but because that police simply view them as such.

Analysis Of Night In Night By Elie Wiesel - 813 Words

The Holocaust was a horrible event, one most people hate to think of much less speak of. This event however is the base of young Elie Wiesel’s life and story. The memoir Night by Elie Wiesel is all about his personal journey and place in the telling of the Holocaust. In the book he is sent to Auschwitz as a lamb is sent to the slaughter. He reiterates his transformation during this time, a transformation where he diverts from his Jewish roots and loses his faith in a merciful and Almighty God. In the beginning of Elie’s time in Auschwitz, he is a faithful young Jew who not only knows his religion well but wishes to learn even more. As said in Night, â€Å"One day I asked my father to find me a master who could guide me in my studies of†¦show more content†¦I stood petrified. What had happened to me? My father had just been struck, in front of me, and I had not even blinked. I had watched and kept silent. Only yesterday I would have dug my nails into this crimi nal’s flesh (Wiesel 39). Elie says he not only would have helped his father after he was slapped but that he would have â€Å"dug his nails into this criminal’s flesh.† Showing that his father’s relationship was strong and they would have fought for each other before Auschwitz. But now, Elie is frozen in survival mode, cluing into the attitude of Auschwitz’ instilling philosophy of every man for himself. Lastly, in the end of the book Elie’s faith and, sadly, his relationship with his father had both deteriorated. In Night a hospital mate of Elie’s said, â€Å"‘I have more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. He alone has kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people’† (Wiesel 81). This quote, while not Elie’s words, is very certain, fear ridden, and powerful. My take from this quote is where Elie, in the memoir at least, does not respond to his hospital mate. This tells me that deep down Elie agrees and he knows that he agrees with the man. Also towards the end of the memoir Elie’s father dies. This quote shows the crumbling relationship between father and son, â€Å"I did not weep, and it pained me that I could not weep. But I was out of tears. And deep inside me, if I could haveShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Night By Elie Wiesel1089 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Night Black Three Sabrena Hall November 17, 2015 â€Å"To surpass monsters, you must be willing to abandon your humanity.† -Hajime Isayama, Shingeki no Kyojin Night by Elie â€Å"Eliezer† Wiesel is a story that contains many conclusions about humanity as a whole, including the idea that if humans are treated as if they aren t human, and are deprived from proper human interaction, then they are quick to act uncivilized, almost feral. It s unsettling how quickly people can switch to a primalRead MoreAnalysis Of Night In Night By Elie Wiesel1183 Words   |  5 PagesIn Night, Elie Wiesel shines light upon that when times are rough, it is easy to be selfish. This was clearly captured when young fourteen-year-old Elie Wiesel was watching as the Nazi’s take away his valuables, friends, faith, and family. As if every piece of him was broken glass, he had to pick himself up along the way. It all started in 1944, in the suburb of Sighet, Romania. It was a marvelously bright day, a beautiful day. But today, the Nazis had forced Wiesel, the rest of his family, andRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis817 Words   |  4 Pages The nov el, Night told by Elie Wiesel, is an autobiography written about him and his family being seized out of their home in 1944 to the concentration camps of Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Night is the alarming record of Eli Wiesel’s recollections of the passing of his family, and his despair as a profoundly perceptive Jew going up against irrefutably the abhorrence of man. In the beginning of the novel, Elie described his father as a straightforward sort of man. As in the novel Elie stated, â€Å"My fatherRead MoreAnalysis Of Night By Elie Wiesel707 Words   |  3 PagesThe book â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel is an emotional read. He tells his story in hopes to influence the world to not act so hateful to one another. He wants to bring awareness to his readers. The way Wiesel interprets his memoire is powerful. Elie goes into great detail about the events that took place in the concentration camp. He describes the way they were treated and their struggle to survive. He explains his story with good attribute to the Germans. The memoire is so effective because these eventsRead MoreAnalysis Of Night By Elie Wiesel1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn the memoir Night, written by Elie Weisel, you take a journey through the 1940s, and learn what it was like to live during the Holocaust. Night records the life of Elie Wiesel during his teen years, and the oppression he and his family went through because of their Jewish descent. The Holocaust was a horrifying genocide where Adolf Hitler and the Nazis strived to wipe out the Jewish race, as well as Poles, Slavs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Homosexuals, Gypsies, etc. Jews were taken from their homesRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis764 Words   |  4 PagesYes, I did see this, with my own eyes†¦ children thrown into the flames.† (Wiesel 32). The previous sentence is a quote from Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night. Wiesel’s memoir is a first person account of a survivor of the Holocaust that occurred between 1933-1945. Over six million Jews were placed in concentration camps and murdered during this time period. Less than one percent of the Jews in the holocaust survived, but Elie Wiesel was one of the very few survivors. He lived on to tell his story of theRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis716 Words   |  3 Pagescontrary, some individuals lost their religion due to their unimaginable experience in the concentration camps. The me moir Night, reminisces Elie Wiesel’s journey. Forced to go to concentration camps, Elie adapted to a hardworking man to prevent selection. From studying Talmud to looking at the mirror, Elie describes the story in great detail. In the memoir Night, the author Elie Wiesel, exhibits the struggle of maintaining religion through the use of internal conflict. The memoir owns several accountsRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pages Eliezer â€Å"Elie† Wiesel, a Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate and Holocaust survivor, acknowledged that â€Å"There is so much injustice and suffering crying out for our attention: victims of hunger, of racism, and political persecution, writers and poets, prisoners in so many lands governed by the left and by the right. Human rights are being violated on every continent. More people are oppressed than free.† When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they believed thatRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis787 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To forget the dead would be akin to killing them a second time.†, said Elie Wiesel the author of night. Elie Wiesel is a holocaust survivor, he went through 5 different concentration camps. He was dehumanized, malnourished, and abused. He lost all his possessions, his family, and his humanity. In Elie Wiesel’s â€Å"Night†, the German Army dehumanizes Elie Wiesel and the jewish prisoners by depriving them of family, food, and self esteem. The Nazis’s dehumanized the jews by depriving them of basic humanRead MoreAnalysis Of The Night By Elie Wiesel1385 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermination in people’s lives. Determination is a trait that each individual possesses. However, the degree of this characteristic varies for each individual and depends on the person’s capabilities and willingness to attain a goal. In the Night, author Elie Wiesel provide the readers with an insight of how determination became the guidance for the Jewish people who suffered dreadful torture and endured a horrid lifestyle under the Nazi’s fascist and anti-semitic regime. Furthermore, due to continuous

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Original Custom Term Paper Exposed

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Occupational Health Plan and Hazards among Health Care Workers

Question: Discuss about the Occupational Health plan and Safety. Answer: Introduction The occupational health and safety of the employees working in an organisation is very vital. The employees and the workers of the organisation are the necessary components as the result of the role of the employees in the organisation for the accomplishing the objectives of the company. The organisation for achieving the sustainable growth and the success of the company needs the motivated and the healthy staff (Gochfeld et al., 2006). It is the duty of the organisation to provide the workers with a working environment free from health hazards. The organisation where there is a lack of safety measures can create the havoc for the company and with this result into the negative effect on the working criteria of the company. The management of the organisation has to implement the operational health management plan and the standards at the workplace for reducing hazards and accidents in an organisation (Gochfeld et al., 2006). The hazardous and the unsafe working conditions in the workplace may result in the long term physiological and psychological consequences for the organizations and the workers (Ghosh, 2013). The occupational health plan demonstrates the commitment of the organisation towards the health of the workplace by providing the clear written statement of the action plan for the prevention of the occupational illness, injuries and the accidents (Ghosh, 2013). In the task will discuss the occupational health management plan organised by the retailing company dealing in the supermarket for the health and the wellbeing of the employees related to the hazard mental stress among the employees of the company. The organisation occupies the sufficient space for each and every department and for the employees of the organisation. The company is the supermarket store and provides each and every household product. At present in the company around 500 employees are working under one roof with different duty shifts. The employees of the company work 8-10 hours in a day and are exposed to the mental stress with the long working hours. The stress related to the work is recognised globally as one of the major challenges for the employer. An employee in the workplace feels stressed at the times when the work demand exceeds the resources and the abilities of the employee and they feel that they are not going with the different situations at the workplace. Certain work and non work related factors resulted in the mental stress among the employees this itself is not a disease, but have the negative impact on the person performance when is in excess and is long lasting (Gochfeld et al., 2006). Occupational Health Hazard and the related risk: The mental stress in the workplace is the result of the poor work design of the organisation and also the management with this the poor social context may also result in the physical, psychological and the social outcomes that are related to the mental stress (Bukhtiyarov, Rubtsov, Yushkova, 2016). The conditions of the organisation which leads to the physiological and the mental stress is the excessive workload in the workplace; the conflicting demands and with no clarity of the role, no involvement in making the decisions, organisational changes are managed poorly with no job security, lack of the management support, ineffective communication among the management and the employees and the third party violence with sexual and psychological harassment are few of the causes of mental stress among the employees (Bukhtiyarov, Rubtsov, Yushkova, 2016). Work related stress, in turn, increases the risk of the psychological illness and injuries which include the anxiety, depression, burnout, suicide and emotional distress. On the other hand mental stress also results in the physical illness and injuries which further contributes to the musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorders and immune deficiency (Jespersen, Hasle, 2016). Mental stress, in turn, increases the risk of decreased employee performance with reduced efficiency and productivity, increases the risk of the absenteeism among the employees, increased conflicts, accidents and injuries among the employees. Risk assessment is the process where on identifies the hazards and evaluate or analysis the risk associated with the hazard (Jespersen, Hasle, 2016). Risk assessment forms an integral part of the occupational health management plan. Risk assessments identify the circumstances which result in the mental stress among the employees; the durat ion and frequency of employee exposure towards the work-related stress, for example, risk related to the health and safety occurs with the time or is build up as the result of the single incident; probability of the occurrence of the work-related stress if the identified factor are not controlled (Jespersen, Hasle, 2016). Legal Requirements and Ethical consideration: The company needs to follow The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004. Under the act, the company conducts the programme for improving the quality of the workplace and training the employees with the health plans which are to be beneficial at the time of mental stress (Lkke, Madsen, 2014). Under the OHS act, it is the duty of the managers to act accordingly for preventing the injuries through the mental which occurs in the workplace. Under the act, the managers are to be aware of the risk factors and are also to be aware of the work climate of the company and to act according to in the situations to prevent the mental stress among the employees. The employees have the work related illness and need the professional medical assistance is to be recorded on the part of the OHS plan and is responsible for writing the incident report related to the mental illness (Lkke, Madsen, 2014). The management under ethical consideration identifies the resources which are responsible for the ment al stress and causes potential harm to the employee health and wellbeing. Conduct regular meetings for the employees to share their thoughts and remove any issues which are faced by the employees (Lkke, Madsen, 2014). In the OHS plan, the organisation is to provide and maintain the safe systems for the working of the employees. Equally distributing the work among the employees and no employee is to be overburdened with the work. Requirement of changes: The changes are required in the organisation culture and structure of the workplace. Employees are to get the required space for them in the organisation (Mattaliano, 2010). With this for reducing the level of stress among the employees then there is to be decrease in the complexity of the working procedures, tasks, providing the employees with the possibility of expressing their opinions to their supervisors or the management with this the employees for lightening the work load is to be provided with the relaxing room where they can relax at the time of stress and providing them the programmes which are social and is related to the sports and the material benefits such as the Lunch at times (Mattaliano, 2010). Changes may be done in the physical environment which energies the employee for the work and a collaborative approach to the organisation to manage occupational health among the employees and the management. Changes in the overall culture of the organisation and also changes or improvement in the resiliency skills of the employees through counselling can bring great changes in the behaviour of the employee which will also reduce the work stress. Occupation health safety committee is formed in the company which is the forum for the cooperative participation of the employees representing both the management and the labour which will assist in bringing the system of the internal responsibility into the practice; changes in the overall culture of the organisation for removing the stress from the employees. Control measurement of the management: The risk control measures so as to control the specific work-related stress is required to target the environmental and the organisational factors concerned to the workplace and also the specific situations of the individuals. The interventions which are the risk control measures to hold the work-concerned stress might be ineffective at times if these are not targeted at the required level (Mayhew, 2003). Some examples of the risk control measures which can be placed in order to manage the acute risk of the staff work-related tensions and stress might include: the overall developing the skills of supervisor plus the managerial skills by mentoring (Painter, Elliot, 2004), coaching and also by training to comprehensively improve the support that is provided to the staff ; proper and adequate planning the workloads to carefully address the job demands plus the levels of the control; build up of the clear performance outcomes and the accountability to make sure that the role clarity is there reassessing the description of the job to make sure that the role is clear (Mayhew, 2003). Setting up of innovative and new HR procedures and also to ensure proper implementation of the current Human resource plans and procedures and ensure control clarity and as well as the improved support at times and conditions where required giving assistance to enhance the level of job and work support; properly communicating with the staff in regard to the availability of help in addressing the job demands as well as the levels of proper control (Mayhew, 2003). To give a check at the staff implementation and understanding of the alteration as a part of the change management; ensuring the complete effective as well as early intervention so as to improve the support that is provided to the staff and also ensure the proper quality of acute relationships (Painter, Elliot, 2004). Occupational Health programme The conducted sessions of the health plan related to the Occupational health, safety will increase the individual awareness of resiliency and efforts for releasing the stress in work. The improved skills through the OHS plan will increase the satisfaction level of the employees related to the work. The plan helps in maintaining the work life balance among the employees and thus reducing the level of stress among the employees (Park, 2002). The desired outcome of the organisation as a result of the plan individuals is aware of the process of resiliency and efforts are made for improving the stress. The plan increases the satisfaction level with the positive reactions of the employees towards the management practices. Improvement in the physical environment alleviates the stress (Park, 2002). The policy satisfies the employees and increases the work life balance among the employees, which also results in the reduction of the stress among the employees. The long term goals of the plan a re to create the resilient and supportive workplace for the individuals to work. Create a workplace with the health promotion programmes having the on-site facilities that offer the different range of the classes and programmes related to the physical activities (Podgrski, 2010). Activities involved in developing and implementing the programme The activities involved in the development of the plan are to link the plan with the strategies, facilitating the changes required in the plan (Arntz-Gray, 2016). The activities involved in the plan may include the events related to the task, counselling services, and self help. Methods and tools used for the evaluation: The process of evaluation includes the method and tools used are the survey and the questionnaires and also arranging seminars for the employees, which help in the further improvement and implication of the plan (Arntz-Gray, 2016). Conclusion: Success and future flourishing of retailing business are dependent on the large degree of the quality of the place where the task in being performed or done a thorough successful management is very vital to ensure that the task shall be a positive result oriented and outcome one (Trakoli, 2010). The experienced staff and management are well equipped with the knowledge and expertise so as to bring about bright colours for the organisation, they are a good assert for the firm as their experience shall make sure that the risks factors are reduced and they immerge with positive and profitable results. The Employer or the owner is to make sure that all of his/her staff members are pretty safe in the workplace, and the atmosphere is very innovative plus boosting one. They are to properly take care of the needs of the staff and keep them energized working throughout. Their small and big valid demands should be met so that they are happy to refer the behaviour of their seniors towards them (Trakoli, 2010). Further, the employer is to see that all the rules and regulations are being followed up by the staff and there is no undue practice which is the main aim of the firm or which may turn up to be a hurdle in their way. Team work is the key to success, the employer is supposed to take along with the employee, and ensure proper implementation of the firms task along with the personal benefits of the staff as well. References Arntz-Gray, J. (2016). Plan, Do, Check, Act: The need for independent audit of the internal responsibility system in occupational health and safety.Safety Science,84, 12-23. Bukhtiyarov, I., Rubtsov, M., Yushkova, O. (2016). Occupational stress as a result shift system of work as a risk factor for health problems of workers.Health Risk Analysis, (3), 110-121. Ghosh, T. (2013). Occupational Health and Hazards among Health Care Workers.International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health,3(1), 10-15. Gochfeld, M., Volz, C., Burger, J., Jewett, S., Powers, C., Friedlander, B. (2006). Developing a Health and Safety Plan for Hazardous Field Work in Remote Areas.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,3(12), 671-683. Gruen, T., Shah, R. (2000). Determinants and outcomes of plan objectivity and implementation in category management relationships.Journal Of Retailing,76(4), 483-510. Jespersen, A., Hasle, P. (2016). Developing a concept for external audits of psychosocial risks in certified occupational health and safety management systems.Safety Science, 15(2), 22-25. Lkke, A., Madsen, H. (2014). Public sector managers and work stress.International Journal Of Workplace Health Management,7(2), 105-120. Mattaliano, R. (2010). Depression and Stress in the WorkplaceHow Can Case Managers Help?.Professional Case Management,15(6), 337-339. Mayhew, C. (2003). Occupational violence: a neglected occupational safety and health issue?.Policy And Practice In Health And Safety,1(1), 31-58. Painter, J., Elliot, S. (2004). Developing and Implementing a Senior Community Based Fall Prevention and Home Safety Program.Occupational Therapy In Health Care,18(3), 21-32. Park, R. (2002). Hazard Identification in Occupational Injury: Reflections on Standard Epidemiologic Methods.International Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Health,8(4), 354-362. Podgrski, D. (2010). The Use of Tacit Knowledge in Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems.International Journal Of Occupational Safety And Ergonomics,16(3), 283-310. Trakoli, A. (2010). Economic Evaluation of Interventions for Occupational Health and Safety: Developing Good Practice.Occupational Medicine,60(4), 317-318. Tsukada, T., Sakakibara, H. (2016). Risk assessment of fall-related occupational accidents in the workplace.Journal Of Occupational Health,58(6), 612-621.

TRAVELCOMFORT BUSINESS PLAN

Executive Summary TravelComfort UK, Incorporated is a start-up travel agency that specializes in small and escorted luxury touring packages for its selective clients.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Travelcomfort business plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The agency is strategically located in Hill Gate Notting, London- to better serve its customers across the UK. This location has of late experienced rapid growth in the number of discriminating or selective luxury tour clients. TravelComfort is a partnership between 4 experienced travel scholars named as Josh Foster, Rochelle Night, Mike Manning and Joshua Awozele. The first 2, other than sitting on the board are also the company’s Chief Executive and Operations Manager respectively. The last 2 do not have additional managerial roles. The first 2 have had extensive training in travel business, especially in sales and marketing to oversee the operation s of this new venture. Their knowledge will thus be useful in this starting period. Other than the 2 managerial staff, and the additional 2 board members, the company intends to use an independent sales force of 6 individuals to keep its overhead expenses low hence increasing its sales returns. The owners feel that this will be the surest way of maintaining profitability and its subsequent expansion in this highly competitive travel service industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the company will make use of the 4 marketing mix to market itself to its customers as well as establishing best relationships with agent travel firms. More so, to ensure that it achieves its profitability and expansion outcomes, the management intends to source for a long-term loan of UK pounds 60,000 from Standard Chartered Bank to finance its required start-up capital of approximate ly  £120,000. The company is characterized by a strong commitment to customer value, service and specialized luxury tour needs; characteristics that set it apart from other UK travel agencies thus constituting its best attractions and unique selling points. Market Research of the UK travel industry A research article by Tassiopoulos highlighted that though there had been a major trend towards responsible and ethical consumptions across UK’s consumer markets, the demand for services in the UK travel industry had risen to match those in other sectors, with tourism given as an example.1 This increase has also coincided with increases in consumer expectations across the country. To expound on this, this plan went ahead to stress that in each holiday, a significant and a growing number of travellers in the UK were looking for better and high quality products. As such, the experiences provided by tour and travel firms should be able to enable the traveller’s access ‘ real’ living cultures within or without their nations. Nonetheless, previous researches highlighted that though UK travellers had accustomed themselves to taking shorter trips in most cases, at the same time, they expected to derive more value from such short trips.2Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Travelcomfort business plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A scholarly study by Pfister and Tierney summarized the above notions by arguing that nowadays, holidays spender’s across the UK preferred ‘real’ holidays that were characterized with a lot of authenticity.3 These expectations contradicted the scenarios dating 10 years back in this same country. Supporting the above frameworks, Page and Connell combined their findings to assert that in the UK, there has emerged a growing interest in the pursuit of more adventurous forms of travel agencies.4 For instance, the demand for the market h as of lately shifted to those agencies that offer specialized travel and tour services such as land based expeditions of the nature of the Graham Land as well as skiing activities. On the other hand, drawing inferences from the Independent on Sundays, the authors of this plan established that the recent economic recession has been a blessing to the UK tour travel industry. This is for the reason that the ever increasing economic recession has increased costs of overseas holidays by a high of 10%- 7% more than domestic holidays.5 This in return has meant that more Britons have preferred to spend their holidays in their country as a budgetary precaution. TravelComfort will strategically position itself to maximise on this great opportunity. To add, Hogson went ahead to review statistics that also revealed that the travel and tourism industries across the UK had for years pursued profits within flexible, unrestricted and fast-moving environments.6 This, according to Robinson had led to most travel agencies failing to establish monitoring systems and formal objectives. They instead chose to seize each opportunity as it came their way without considering its long term effect.7Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To address this, TravelComfort has established and stated its mission statements. This will in turn assist it to achieve its outcomes since the mission statements will be used as statements of guidance and reference. Specific Target Market The stiff competition in the UK tour and travel industry has created the impetus to clearly understand the specific and the ever changing needs of the differentiated customer groups.8 TravelComfort has studied the market and identified UK citizens especially the retired or working couples who would like to go for adventure as constituting its key target market. Other than those, the company will emphasis on corporate travellers (business conference travellers) and any other travellers from any part of the world. Unique Selling Points These were comprised by the following brief features, concepts and benefits that our clients were happy to associate with our branding. In line with the above, TravelComfort has positioned itself to cater for speciali zed clientele group in the UK. As such, the company will offer small-group, budgetary and luxury modes of adventure travel. These will mainly target UK clients with a small global market presence also targeted in the plan. TravelComfort seeks to have a competitive advantage over its rivals by small but more exclusive packaged tours. These will enable our few clients to receive immediate personal or special attention from our travel hosts. As we expand, we intend to cultivate this niche of one-on-one contact to catch and retain on all our potential clients. The company will also provide accurate, first-hand and instant information concerning all its services to its customers. This can be achieved through mass-messaging or emailing service to registered clients. Market size/growth trends According to the statistics by the UK Office for National Statistics, the financial year ending February 2011 saw a total of 84.6 million travellers visit or depart from UK (visitors to UK were 29.6 m illion while visits abroad by the region’s citizens was 55.0 million).9 This number of travellers a combined drop of 6% compared to the previous year. The reason cited for the drop in the number of visitors was the bad weather. Table 1 showing the number of visitors entering or leaving the UK (Souce: UK Office for National Statistics, 2011). Despite the reduction in the number of travellers, the projected market growth for the UK travel industry stands at 10%. Of the total market size, TravelComfort aims to garner at least 5% of the market by the end of second year of operation. Competitive Environment At present, competition has been intense in the retail travel agency industry in Europe.10 As such TravelComfort will face stiff competition from both external and internal travel agencies. In the case of internal competitors, the company will compete with Thomson Travel Group-UK’s largest tour operator and Going Places-UK’s second largest travel agency.11 Other than the two, internal competitors will also include online travel agencies such as eDreams, Ebookers, Expedia, Iglue, LastMinute and Key2Holidays amongst others. External competitors will comprise of CN Travel Touristic Group- Germany’s largest travel agency and TravelPlanners from USA amongst others. Of late, the UK travel industry has been characterised by constant fluctuations both in service quality and sum of service providers.12 We intend to capitalize on this and broaden our market share. The competitive edge of our company will see us attract and retain customers through provision of up-to-date and accurate information. The company will also offer competitive discounted prices to win on repetitive customers. More so, the company will make use of IT and avail online tickets to its clients. To achieve on the above, the company will rely on the efforts of its experienced founders and personnel. These have great experience in luxury retailing, offering travel, achieving high-net-worth and offering and providing personalized services. Company Description TravelComfort is a full-service travel agency offering full-line travel planning for all its customers. The agency links all business, recreational and adventure travellers with travelling and accommodation firms. As was earlier highlighted, this agency is a partnership between Josh Foster, Rochelle Night, Mike Manning, and Joshua Awozele-who cofounded the agency in January of 2012. The company is located at Office Complex, Nottingham Hill Gate- London. The objectives of the company are as follows: To achieve a profitable status within the first year To garner a 5% market share within the first 2 years To increase its workforce to 20 by the second year (January 2012) and appoint a full-time Business Manager to enhance sales operations Expand the company’s corporate sales by  £ 85,000 each month. This is to happen by the 6 month of the agency’s operation. Services provided The compa ny will provide primary travel services that include, but unlimited to, hotel arrangements, bus and airline ticketing, car rental arrangements, conference planning, charter and tour services, student or employee-tour services and vacation packages. If these services are sold online, the agency will attain a sales margin of 10%. However, this is expected to rise to 15% if they are sold through agents. Marketing Plans/Strategies The company will make use of the four aspects of marketing mix to sell its services to its customers. These are: Pricing strategies The company will offer competitive rates to make its services affordable to all classes of people. In addition, the company will offer a 10% discount to the second ticket purchased by the same consumer. This will attract repetitive consumers to the agency thus increasing its market share. Promotion/Advertising strategies These will focus on the following: Buying ‘space’ in the UK daily newspapers for promotional adve rts on the agency’s services Creating a website where clients will be able search and review their services. The site will then allow them to make online reservations. This site will also be hyper-linked to social networking sites and other travel sites Distributing brochures or posters to strategic places to sell company services Product/ Service strategies The company has already achieved this strategy by incorporating a variety of services within service line. Distribution strategies The company intends to distribute some of its operations for instance, by using agents to market its services. Operational plans TravelComfort will ‘purchase’ its services from the above listed service companies using the following procedure: The company’s Operation’s Manager (Mr Night) will be tasked with negotiating with service industries on the awarding of service agency contacts. In this case, the agency will target to be awarded a commission of 10% on each tic ket (in this case service) sold. The company will then strive to sell more to improve on its profitability. The company intends to sell its services by using its other six sales-representative employees. These employees will improve service efforts by delivering tickets and making telephone follow-ups on their return. These will garner repeat sales and businesses. Besides their coordination, the 2 partners will perform initial sales management until the hiring of the Business Development Manager. Sales forecast The company targets to have sold services worth  £2,516,430 by end of 2012 and  £4, 50,100 by end of 2013 and 8,000,000 in the third year of 2014. This plan is based on the service arrangements to be increased between the agency and its partners. The following table 2 summarises the sales, gross and net profit’s highlights. The values are all in ‘0000 TravelComforts Projected Highlights Sales G/P margin Net Profit Margin Yr 1  £250  £80  £15 Y ear2  £450  £125  £45 Yr 3  £800  £225  £12 To achieve the forecasted sales above, the following sales programs are to be implemented: Issuing sales awards to those sales representatives who will be the top four in terms of highest grossing sales Issuing awards to employees who excel in delivering exemplary tour services to Travel comfort clients. This will create a scenario of retaining and attracting clients hence increasing the sales. The firm intends to implement e-commerce by allowing on-site ticket sales and registration through its Computerised Reservation System. This will ease the process of acquiring or accessing the firm’s services hence increasing the number of discriminative clients. Related to the above, the management intends to position customer care agents in its London office to carry out the role of selling tickets through the phone mode. The firm’s marketing and ticketing services are also to be re-distributed across key attraction points (a scenario commonly called sales retailing) across London to win on the potential passers-by who can top up as its customers. For instance, off-site sales are to be carried out at hired sites. For instance, the management plans to engage stadium managers across the UK to catch on the increased spectator audience. This is so because the management carried an earlier research that proved that spectators in the VIP ticketing category were likely to form a special group for the specialized tour services across London. Break-even analysis The levels of sales need to service all personal requirements and costs will be calculated as follows: Sales (required to break even) =  £ (Business Survival Budget/Drawings + Overheads/Operating Expenses) Sales=  £300,000 +  £400,000=  £700,000 TravelComfort’s Monthly Break-even points Figure1 depicting the break-even analysis From the above figure, it is projected the company will break even half-way through the third month. At this time, the company will have required to have sold an estimated â‚ ¬ 700,000 meet its personal requirements (drawings) and all its costs comfortably. Key Personnel Mr. Josh Foster- Company’s Chief Executive Mr. Foster is one of the co-founders of the agency. Having graduated with a distinction in Business Management, Sales and Marketing, he will spearhead the company’s growth. His strength to multi-task across dynamic environments will see him represent the agency at key stakeholder conferences. He will also spearhead the agency’s expansion module. Mr. Rochelle Night-Operations Manager Mr. Night will coordinate all agency operations. His leadership skills will ensure that a link exists between the sales representatives and the customers. He intends to maximise on his supervisory role at Easyjet Travel Agency to implement his new duties. Other than the two above, the following also topped up as Travel Comfort’s board members: Critical risks of the venture The following risks were identified as potential risks associated with this venture. Emerging travel agency businesses that were likely to cause stiff competition. The financial crisis that was likely to cause shifts in consumer demands (consumers were likely to reduce on their leisure expenditures). The company was likely to lose contact with some of foreign customers. Contingency planning The following measures will be implemented to safeguard the performance of the venture if sales reduce by more than 5% as projected. The management will carry out reviews to determine if the forecasts were realistic. If they were not, new estimates will be forecasted based on the sales statistics at hand. In this case, the last trading period’s actual results will be projected for achievable targets to be determined. If the forecasts were real, the management will review its budget to obtain a realistic one. In this case, the management will determine the expenses to be r educed and the margins to e improved. In this case the pro-forma revenues will be decreased by a realistic percentage based on the conditions facing the company. Having implemented the above, the company will carry out the following actions to improve on its performance: Carry out an aggressive promotion to increase its service awareness. Establish reward schemes for its sales team to motivate them in reaching more consumers. For instance, by rewarding employees who surpass a weekly target of  £ 20,000 with a 15% commission Likewise, the company willl try to re-negotiate its contracts with its partners. In this case, the management will point out the difficulties facing the travel agency and request a re-view of the engagements on mutual basis. Offering/ Funding The following table summarized the company’s start-up summary Item(s) Description Total amount Expenses Office supplies, rent, consultant’s fees, utilities, insurance, internet charges, website creation charges, communication bill etc  £80,000 Assets Furniture, cash, computers etc  £ 120,000 Owners’ Contributions Primarily cash  £ 150,000 Loans/ Borrowing From Standard Chartered Bank  £ 200,000 Total start-up funding  £ 550,000 Financial Plan Profit Loss Account The following is the profit and Loss account (projected for the first three years). Note: All figures are in  £. Year1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales (Direct and Indirect) 2,516,430 4,110, 345 5, 815,100 Less cost of sales 1, 910, 000 3, 515, 650 4, 910, 000 Gross profit 606,430 594,695 905, 100 Less Expenses 450,130 480,520 520,000 Pre-tax net income 156, 300 114,175 385, 100 Taxes Paid 18,900 11, 600 41, 200 Net income 137,400 102,575 343,900 Pro-forma Balance Sheet The following balance sheet has also been projected for the first three years. Balance Sheet (projected for the 1st three years) Note: All figures are in  £. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total Current Assets 450,000 4 20, 500 455, 100 Total Long-term Assets 150,000 214,000 139, 900 Total Assets 600,000 634,100 595,000 Current liabilities 250,000 242, 100 245,000 Long-term liabilities 200,000 112,000 0 Total Liabilities 450,000 354, 100 245,000 Total Capital 150,000 280,000 350,000 Total Capital and Liabilities 600,000 634,100 595,000 Reference List Doganis, R, Flying off course: the economics of international airlines, 3rd edition, Routledge, Newyork, 2002. Hogson, A, The travel and tourism industry: strategies for the future, CABI Publisher, Oxford, 1987. Horne, S J, Swarbrooke, Leisure marketing: a global perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK, 2005. Independent on Sundays, Recession ‘is good news for UK travel industry’, 2008. Web. Needham, A, Business for higher awards, Heinemann, UK, 1999. Evans, N, Strategic management for travel and tourism, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK. Page, S Connell, J, Tourism: A modern synthesis, 2nd edn., PublisherCengage Learning EMEA, Stamford, 2006. Pfister, R Tierney, P, Recreation, event, and tourism businesses: start-up and sustainable operations, Human Kinetics, Leeds, UK, 2008. Plunkett, J W, Plunkett’s airline, hotel travel industry Almanac 2007: Airline, hotel travel industry market research, statistics, trends leading companies, Plunkett Research, Ltd., Texas, 2006. Robinson, P, Operations Management in the Travel Industry, CABI, Oxford, 2009. Tassiopoulos, D, New tourism ventures: an entrepreneurial and managerial approach, Juta and Company Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa, 2009. UK Office for National Statistics, Travel and tourism: Overseas visits still subdued, 2011, retrieved https://www.ons.gov.uk/. Footnotes 1 D Tassiopoulos, New tourism ventures: an entrepreneurial and managerial approach, Juta and Company Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa, 2009, p.309. 2 J W Plunkett, Plunkett’s airline, hotel travel industry Almanac 2007: Airline, hotel travel industry market research, statistics, tr ends leading companies, Plunkett Research, Ltd., Texas, 2006, p.62. 3 R Pfister, P Tierney, Recreation, event, and tourism businesses: start-up and sustainable operations, Human Kinetics, Leeds, UK, 2008. 4 S Page J Connell, Tourism: A modern synthesis, 2nd edn., Cengage Learning EMEA, Stamford, 2006, p.81. 5 Independent on Sundays, Recession ‘is good news for UK travel industry’, 2008. 6 A Hogson, The travel and tourism industry: strategies for the future, CABI Publisher, Oxford, 1987. 7 P Robinson, Operations management in the travel Industry, CABI, Oxford, 2009, p. 254. 8 A Needham, Business for higher awards, Heinemann, UK, 1999, p.19. 9 UK Office for National Statistics, Travel and tourism: Overseas visits still subdued, 2011. 10 S, Horne J, Swarbrooke, Leisure marketing: a global perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK, 2005, p. 233. 11 R Doganis, Flying off course: the economics of international airlines, 3rd edition, Routledge, Newyork, 2002, p.159. 12 N Evan s, Strategic management for travel and tourism, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK, pp. 172-177. 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Gender and Human Rights

Gender and Human Rights Human of Rights Guaranteed by the Constitution and being inalienable since the birth of an individual, human rights still remain on the global agenda (Hessler 2). The concept of a Human of Rights introduced by Foucault in 1950s, and also referred to as humanity is traditionally defined as a â€Å"floating signifier† (Douzinas 4) and is related directly to the idea of human rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The specified definition of the concept, however, is rather loose, as the notion embraces the issues such as the provision of human rights, the basic principles of equality, etc. (Douzinas 5). Gender and Human Rights Connecting the subject matter to gender, one must admit that the concept of the human of rights cannot be applied to women in its entirety yet (Davidson 58). Due to the bigoted laws and the prejudices that persist in the society desp ite numerous awareness campaigns, women’s rights are infringed on a regular basis due to imperfect laws and the biased regulations. The lack of equality can be observed even in the countries that have progressed significantly in terms of promotion of human rights to all denizens of the population (Cook 39). Defined Right More importantly, the challenges, which women are forced to fight because of the flaws of the current legal system, are predetermined by social prejudices to a considerable extent. Researches show that the â€Å"politics surrounding women’s human rights† (Steans 75) are, in fact, enhanced by the stereotype of women as housewives (Cook 20) and result in women being labeled as unauthorized for â€Å"bodily autonomy and control over sexuality and reproductive choice specifically† (Steans 75). At this point, the issue of a defined right deserves to be mentioned. It is assumed that a right becomes defined once the corresponding law is issued, and the required changes are made to the legislation so that the current regulations should promote freedoms to all citizens and that a specific stratum of the population should be provided with equal opportunities. The integration of a defined right into the framework of a particular society, however, is likely to take a significant amount of time. Defined Right and Culture The problem in question can be spotted in gender relations easily. Although it is guaranteed constitutionally that women are entitled to the same set of rights that men are, the latter still enjoy more privileges, especially when the lack of equity between men and women is predetermined by the predominant philosophical principles of the society or its religious postulates.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Particularly, in some states, women are completely deprived of their basic human rights, which c learly is an issue of major concern. The life of Muslim women is a graphic example of the phenomenon in question; although Muslim women are supposed to have the same rights as men do, â€Å"In the name of Islam, women are subjected to cruel and horrible practices† (Ali 2). Even though the basic principles of equity were established quite a while on a global level, women still experience much more social pressure and injustice based on prejudice than men. Hence, the gender issue is yet to be resolved in the contemporary society. To be more exact, women have to be provided with their rights to be equal; these rights concern not only the political choices, such as the right to vote but also the need to be accepted in the society as an equal member thereof. Ali, Ayaan Hirshi. The Caged Virgin. London, UK: CBS Company, 2006. Print. Cook, Rebecca J. Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. P rint. Davidson, Judy. â€Å"Sporting Homonationalisms: Sexual Exceptionalism, Queer Privilege, and the 21st Century International Lesbian and Gay Sport Movement.† Sociology of Sport Journal 30.1(2013): 57-83. Print. Douzinas, Costas. â€Å"The Many Faces of Humanitarianism.† Parrhesia 2.1 (2007): 1–28. Print. Hessler, Kristen 2010, Political Legitimacy and Women’s Human Rights. PDF file. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Steans, Jill. â€Å"Body Politics: Gender, Sexuality and Rights.† Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction into International Relations. Ed. Laura J. Sheperd. New York City, New York: Routledge, 2010. 74–84. Print.

Teachers being forced into early retirement Essay

Teachers being forced into early retirement - Essay Example This is the primary aim of teaching. And it is constitutionally justified that it is every person’s basic right to learn. Great teachers are rare. Majority would just make a career out of it because of lineage (a family profession), interest in children, or as a last career to pursue before finally retiring. A good teacher possesses an aptitude or a native capacity for teaching (Salandanan, 11). Kindness, creativity, and a genuine love for children are just some of the endearing traits of a great mentor. A more exceptional teacher would be one who is able to guide a student with intensity and much enthusiasm to make him/her discover his passion, and push him/her to go for it. But what if a good teacher retires? An early retirement option among teachers is now being much publicized and campaigned about to cut on budget costs of maintaining higher paid, senior-level education personnel. Most states in the US are now adopting the early retirement program because it is said to be the more advantageous option in terms of cutting expenses in budget allocations. Teachers should not be forced into early retirement. Early retirement should be voluntary and never forced. If a teacher is still capable of practicing this profession even beyond retirement age, then he/she should be allowed to do so. There are numerous reasons for this claim and these are as follows: * There will be a shortage of teachers as the population continues to boom in the coming years. By the year 2011, the world population is expected to reach 7 Billion (World Population). The increase in population is expected as the world population continues to rise. Parallel to this, there will be a corresponding increase in the population of school age children, hence, this will necessitate an increase in the need for education professionals. Despite efforts exerted by the government sector to limit population growth through various means like

Lester Electronics Gap Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lester Electronics Gap Analysis - Essay Example The process of merger is set in motion by Shang-wa CEO John Lin, as he thinks that the merger will give his company a much needed secured future. On the other hand, Lester Electronics CEO Bernard Lester feels that the merger will prevent future revenue losses. These merger plans were initiated by the actions of two other companies, Transnational Electronics and Avral Electronics, who try to take over Shang-wa and Lester Electronics respectively. But, if the merger plans between Lester and Shang-wa gets actualized it will nullify the other two companies take over bid. Along with that advantage, the merger will also create a lot of opportunities and bring in profits. But, even with all the opportunities, there exist some financial issues or threats that will cause the merger to fail. So, the correct decision has to be taken after analyzing the key financial issues, with the involvement of all the key people and departments, including the accounts department and its head Anne Lorale. â €Å"Good decision-making starts from the right place† (Paul & Elder, 2006 In the scenario, the merger of Lester and Shang-wa could spring up many issues particularly in the financial sector. Normally, in times of merger between two companies existing in different countries, the financial issues have to be dealt firstly, to make the merger a success. So, Shang-wa’s balance sheet and incomes statement has to be properly analyzed by Anne Lorale and her team, before going with the merger. As the income statements will clearly gauge the financial performance of a company over a specific period of time, it will surely aid Lester to grasp the financial condition as well as the value of economic assets of Shang wa. From the analysis of the financial statements, it is clear that the merger of Shang wa and Lester would lead to a low debt to equity ratio, increasing the chances of bankruptcy in the long run. The other issue that will arise in

Organizational change management

Organizational change management ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT Assessment Part A: Section 1: Introduction to the report: The forthcoming budget of 2013 is expected to open a financial trouble of  £153 million. Such high deficit is indeed threatening the council from the viewpoint of its strategic handling. The current newsletter that has been published by the council’s CEO, Andrea Hill clearly points out the organization’s drawback to effectively implement its developed policy: ‘A New Strategic Direction’ to tide over the impending financial crunch. Even the staffs is not paying enough heed to potential threat thinking that Louisiana would be one’s to be affected and not them. However, as the latter case is not to happen, the council acknowledged the significance to opt for job redundancies. Although the latter provision might seem to prevent the council from suffering such considerable financial trouble, yet in real the council could only save  £55m out of the total  £153m. Now, as a solution to the current issue, the council have planned to opt for strategies t hat would facilitate in: addressing and meeting the root cause of the root cause of the social problems and build social capital to make the social communities independent enough. However, the latter potential strategy was vehemently turned down by the opposition leader on the note that is actually an irrational judgement to switch off the service demand. The latter leader even criticised the way the council operated and rather deemed the necessity to alter its working pattern. Andrea Hill however, considered the latter leader’s comments to be true and thus deemed that change of the working pattern from slow and risk diverse to innovative, creative and leaner. Although, the council considered the importance to practise lean management, there is an impending danger of facing high job cuts. However, the job cuts are not considered to be a strategic solution to the financial trouble. Nevertheless, the redundancy solution is considered to reduce the potential cash deficit by at least a bare minimum ( £55m). Besides this, the potential resolution that the council intends to practise even involves pitfall in the process that it is not possible to switch over the service demand. However, the latter lean management practise seems to be effective in face of preventing excess cash outflow in the face of such trouble. Also the potential thought of altering the current work pattern of the council would help in gaining substantial profit from such activity. The purpose of the proposal is to critically analyse the current actions of the case study council. Though the council have opted for policies to tide over the impending financial trouble, concerns could be raised as to its actual effectiveness in real situation. In order to meet the potential deficit of  £153 million, the council would require opting for huge turnover that in real seems to be quiet an irrational judgement. However, to overcome the cash shortage, the proposed policy of the council seems to be near to rational yet having certain drawbacks. The proposed action to alter the current operating policies however seems to be quiet an effective solution. The report would thus detail the practise of lean management, effective service chain management and determine the need for the council to practise smaller, cheaper and innovative approach at workplace. The current study would thus detail the possible recommended policies for the council that is deemed to be effective to fa ce the potential financial threat of 2013. The entire study has been fragmented into three sections: background, limitations and recommendations. Within the background section, the researcher intends to subdivide the steps in two parts: problem findings and solution focus. The potential budget deficit issue would be highlighted in the problem section and subsequent solutions would be offered in the latter segment. The limitations of the proposed solution would analyse in section three: conclusion. In other words, the adverse impact of change on the performance and mindset of the staff would be detailed in the current section. As a strategic response to the limitations, the author would offer recommendations that might consider the effective usage of leadership development programs at the council’s workplace. Section Two: Background Problems: Findings As have already been discussed in the above report that Suffolk County Council is experiencing serious financial dearth as high as  £153m. The proposed job cuts even does not seem to redeem the issue as this specific council could be able to save only  £55m. The latest newsletter that stated that the council wishes to identify and fix the root cause of the social problems and build social capital to strengthen communities to be independent themselves, even is not considered to be rationale enough. Thus, in the face of being slow, risk averse and complex structure, the need arises to develop a coalition and convince the people that change is truly necessary. Kotter’s 8step change step model is basically a sequential step that facilitates in undertaking successful change within the organization (author). In face of the current financial trouble and the complex issue threatening the job sustainability of its staff, a step to form a powerful guiding coalition is required to be practised at workplace. The leader of the opposition as well as Mrs. Hill have already criticised the laid back attitude of the council staffs and have even identified that the council is yet not working on effective business lines. (Author) stated that framing powerful guiding coalition allows development of strong leadership to further the change process. However, the change could only be successfully brought about if there is viable support by some noted people of the organization. Unlike following the key traditional hierarchy mechanism, the coalition mechanism assist in integrating the apt people to forward the change process and even manage the change ini tiative to successfully attain the objective (author). Thus, in absence of member’s involvement within the coalition process, organizations undertaking change might not be able to attain desired benefit from the process. The following steps are required to be a part of the framing a coalition team in SSC: Recruiting a Coalition members: (Author) determined that the initial and an essential step in framing a collation group are to extend formal invitation to the leaders who would be able to carry forward the change process. However, the potential change managers are required to be told the exact reason behind the proposed change process. Also the reason for change should boost the morale and encourage the leaders to undertake the process. (Author) even added the coalition group should have a good mix of both experienced and fresh personnel. As a recommended action, the group should involve members that having prior experience in the activity and are able to identify others who could be effective leaders as well. Thus the team of SSC members vested to undertake the change should thus constitute efficient leaders having sound knowledge on the current activity. Developing a charter: Unlike the process of following the traditional hierarchy process, the coalition team building approach necessitates following top down and bottom up approach (author). Thus, post forming a team of efficient change leaders, the current step involves deciding a chairperson who would guide other’s activities and even vest separates roles and responsibilities to the members. (Author) added that in absence of a formalised structured of efforts, staffs are often not able to maintain an integrative approach towards work resulting in non-fulfilment of the change goal. Thus the responsible authority of SSC is required to frame a charter that would include team length, individual roles and an efficient chair-person. The chair-person is even required to offer leadership to the group and ensure ownership of the work. Frame a coalition team: After having completed the activity of developing a steering team and their respective roles and responsibilities, the present need is to support the group to become productive in nature (website). The provision for external support to the group would encourage confidence and morale so that the same is able to successfully further the change process. The team of SSC staffs who are the change managers of the business are required to set strategies that would prevent any occasion of deviation from the core purpose and attain failure as a result of issues within the system. (author) pointed out that planning a kick-off celebration is an effective way to build creativity and group cohesion at workplace. Besides involving in latter type of celebration, the council members of SSC could even brainstorm to identify the purpose and structure of the group. Staff involvement within the group development process would help in building conflict resolution and effective decision making approaches. Ensure stakeholder involvement: (author) pointed out that it is necessary to ensure involvement of all stakeholders within the change initiative process. Besides encouraging suggestions from the members who are not directly involved within the group, the need arises to vest the responsibilities of fulfilling discrete projects to rest of the staffs. The task to carry forward with the change efforts could even be furthered by the inclusion of the external governing body or taking help of the agency skills. The internal stakeholders of SSC could frequent in asking suggestions and opinions from the stakeholders on aspects of bettering the change and handle the current issues on financial dearth and in-appropriate operational procedure. The effective solutions could be practised at work. The latter strategies would thus serve as an effective approach to guide coalition to align the top down and bottom up change approach at SSC. Solutions: Considering that the operational success for organizations is dependent on several internal and external factors, the need arises to frequent the change management process over time. (author) attributed that change management process furthers the scope to undertake organizational development that is required to suit its operations as per the changing market and current business scenario. In the face of the impending financial threat and change issues that SC is currently facing, the same could follow the following two activities at workplace: Future Search: (Author) pointed out that the concept of future search relates to the activity of involving all the stakeholders to identify the issue, offer roles, develop action plans and vest separate roles and responsibilities to attain the venture. On occasion of current financial and change management issues currently hindering the progress and threatening the job sustainability of the staff of SSC, future search option of organizational development would assist in involving all the stakeholders in developing future strategic course of action that would successfully alter the current operational policy of the concern. During the course of six months time interval, the change managers of SSC could: Meet for conference Clearly outline and present the financial, job cuts and change management issues currently threatening them Try to develop a positive attitude towards settlement of the issue through framing constructive policies and Vest and engage all its members to fulfil their respective job performances. (author) mentioned that the future search strategy of organizational development goes beyond the traditional problem-solving approach instead ensure wider stakeholder involvement to carry forward with the course of constructive action. Within the proposed time interval of six months, the authorities of SSC could facilitate participation of members across all departments or key constituent groups. The current solution strategy is quiet effective to eradicate hierarchical issues instead be able to involve almost the entire organization in acknowledging the change requirement from global perspectives (author). Thus, the stakeholders of SSC would be able to invest their minds over dealing with current global perspective of financial budget on the proposed financial dearth of the business. By encouraging the participants to have a wider or global view of the present issue, they often develop greater commitment towards even better performnace. Likewise, the future search strategy of SSC would facilitate the stakeholders to feel encouraged to arrive at a common ground on determining the tools that would help in preventing job cuts, undertake require operational change and face financial dearth. Open Space method: (Author) stated that the open space initiative or organizational change and development are an effective tool to involve the appropriate skill set towards fulfilment of the issues. Following the current process, the responsible officials would be able to effectively utilise the collective wisdom and energy of its staff towards developing effective action plans to overcome the current issues. In order to maximise the involvement of all the staff of SSC, open space method could be employed at workplace. As the current strategy cannot be practised simultaneously with future search strategy, it could be used only after the practising the latter policy. Even considering the fact that the current policy involves sequential steps for performnace, SSC would allot another four months time frame to complete the process. Within this allotted four months time frame, the authorities of SSC would require to break the entire sessions into: Pre-design sessions Segment the group based on the expected responsibility Follow up and action plans (author). Within the pre-design sessions, the change authorities of the concern are required to identify the theme of the sessions and develop norms for the meetings. The current financial deficit that the council is facing as well as the operational inefficiency would be clearly outlined for the purpose of the arriving at a strategic solution. Post identifying the current issues, the group now requires breaking down the task in segmented portions and allotting specific responsibilities as per the expectations of the group. (author) acknowledged that the work segmentation and allotting specific responsibilities based on the likings of the staff would motivate them to better and faster solve the issue. The solutions of each group would then be analysed by maintaining a follow up of the activity. By maintaining a follow up, the change members of SSC would be able to be aware of the progress made to overcome the issue. Ultimately the most liable and rationale solution to the current trouble would be decided upon through joint consensus. Thus, through the process of coordinating the activity through information posting, the change leaders and staffs would be able to resolve the current critical issues and nurture improved level of team and personal responsibility. Section Three: Conclusions: Section four: Recommendations: The open strategy method and the future search solution mentioned above require tactful implementation process. In absence of having a proper course of undertaking solution action, SSC would not be able to involve all its stakeholders within the change activity and be able to volunteer joint response on the subject. (Author) pointed out the following process to effectively practise and implement future search at work: Step 1: integrating the entire stakeholders in a certain place, especially the ones who do not meet often. Step 2: clearly outline the current issue impacting successful operation of the organization Step 3: Identify possible strategic solutions rather than focus on past conflicts Step 4: Vest separate responsibilities to individuals. Following the above change management process, the stakeholders of SSC would be able to brainstorm to arrive an effective and strategic solution to the change management, financial dearth and staff turnover issues threatening the business. Open Space management process of the undertaking change could be undertaken following the under mentioned process: Step 1: Determine the issue, develop the norms and plan ways to undertake the sessions. Step 2: Segment the group on critical issues and appoint responsibility to each individual based on their desired preferability Step 3: Develop an action plan to undertake the process, volunteer suggestions and accept opinions (website). By conglomerating the opinions of the change managers and staff, SSC would be able to decide upon an effective and strategic change solution mechanism to facilitate in undertaking the process at workplace. The following change management programs could even be practised at workplace: Employee Assistance Program: (Author) reflected that it is basically work based program offering short term counselling sessions and follow-up of services to organizational staffs suffering from certain work related issues. Considering that the staffs of SSC is threatened from potential job loss and operational changes, EAP procedure would assist in addressing their issues and offer effective solutions. The managers could even gain knowledge as to ways to further the change process by making the staff accept its necessity and facilitate in its smoother undertaking. External Consultants and Envoys: (author) acknowledged that envoys are specialised management service firms that provides advice and training on aspects issues affecting the organization. SSC could appoint a specialised envoy having knowledge to effectively handle similar situations. With its appointment, the authorities of SSC would be able to optimally utilise their specialised knowledge on aspects to prevent from such massive financial trouble, job cuts and effectively undertake change to face the situation. Team working/building: SCC could even decide upon developing groups (basically T group structure) to ensure that it staff acknowledge the flow of information down the hierarchy and involve in an integrative approach to change. (Author) noted that staff often feels comfortable in a group and are motivated to involve even better performnace. The group work structure in SCC would thus drive the staff to work for innovation, product development, resolving issues and smoothen the change process. Management accounting frameworks: (author) elaborated that management accounting framework such as balance scorecard facilitates in the keeping a check on the progress of the current activities. In order to make sure that the leadership and people management practices are performed as expected, the authorities of SCC could periodically use balance scorecard approach to judge change such as leadership and people management. 1